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NEW QUESTION 1
Which two EVPN route types are used to advertise a multihomed Ethernet segment? (Choose two.)
A. Type 1
B. Type 3
C. Type 4
D. Type 2
Answer: BC
Explanation:
EVPN (Ethernet VPN) is a type of VPN that enables the extension of Ethernet segments across multiple Layer 3 networks. When advertising a multihomed Ethernet segment in EVPN, the following two route types are used:
– Type 3 (Ethernet AD route): This route is used to advertise the active-active multihoming topology of an Ethernet segment. It carries the list of all active Ethernet segment endpoints (ESEs) that are connected to the multihomed Ethernet segment, along with their associated MAC addresses.
– Type 4 (Ethernet Segment route): This route is used to advertise the attributes of the Ethernet segment, such as the VLAN ID, the MAC address of the default gateway, and any IP addresses associated with the Ethernet segment. It is advertised by the border gateway protocol (BGP) speaker that connects to the Ethernet segment.
Therefore, the correct answers to the question are B and C.
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7432.html
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst9600/software/release/16-12/configuration_guide/vxlan/b_1612_bgp_evpn_vxlan_9600_cg/configuring_evpn_vxlan_layer_3_overlay_network.html
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/evpn-vxlan/topics/concept/evpn-route-type5-understanding.html
NEW QUESTION 2
Which statement is correct about IS-IS when it performs the Dijkstra algorithm?
A. The local router moves its own local tuples into the candidate database.
B. When a new neighbor ID in the tree database matches a router ID in the LSDB, the neighbor ID is moved to the candidate database.
C. Tuples with the lowest cost are moved from the tree database to the LSDB.
D. The algorithm will stop processing once the tree database is empty.
Answer: A
Explanation:
– The Dijkstra algorithm is used by IS-IS to calculate the shortest path tree (SPT) for a given network topology. The SPT is represented as a tree database, which contains the shortest path to each destination network in the network topology.
– The algorithm starts by creating a candidate database, which initially contains only the local router’s own tuples. Each tuple contains the cost to reach a particular destination network, as well as the next hop router on the path to that network.
– The algorithm then proceeds to build the SPT by iteratively selecting the lowest cost tuple from the candidate database and adding it to the tree database.
– As the algorithm builds the tree database, it may discover new neighbors and their associated tuples in the LSDB. These new tuples are added to the candidate database for consideration in future iterations of the algorithm.
– The algorithm continues to iterate until the candidate database is empty, meaning that all possible paths have been considered.
Therefore, the correct statement about IS-IS when it performs the Dijkstra algorithm is A. The local router moves its own local tuples into the candidate database.
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc1042/
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1195
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5308
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
https://www.sfu.ca/~ljilja/ENSC427/News/Kurose_Ross/Chapter_4_v8.0.pdf
https://doc.lagout.org/network/Cisco/Multicast%20Collection/Interdomain%20Multicast%20Routing%20-%20Practical%20Juniper%20Networks%20And%20Cisco%20Systems%20Solutions.pdf
NEW QUESTION 3
Which two statements are correct about IS-IS interfaces? (Choose two.)
A. If a broadcast interface is in both L1 and L2, one combined hello message is sent for both levels.
B. If a point-to-point interface is in both L1 and L2, separate hello messages are sent for each level.
C. If a point-to-point interface is in both L1 and L2, one combined hello message is sent for both levels.
D. If a broadcast interface is in both L1 and L2, separate hello messages are sent for each level.
Answer: BD
Explanation:
IS-IS interfaces have two levels of operation, Level 1 (L1) and Level 2 (L2), and an interface can operate in one or both levels. Here are the correct statements:
– If a broadcast interface is in both L1 and L2, separate hello messages are sent for each level. This is because each level maintains its own neighbor database and topology, and hence, requires separate hello messages to be sent.
– If a point-to-point interface is in both L1 and L2, one combined hello message is sent for both levels. This is because a point-to-point interface is considered to be in the same network segment in both levels, and hence, a single hello message is sufficient to establish adjacency in both levels.
Therefore, options B and D are correct statements.
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/integrated-intermediate-system-to-intermediate-system-is-is/7039-1.html
NEW QUESTION 4
Which two statements are correct about a sham link? (Choose two.)
A. It creates an OSPF multihop neighborship between two PE routers.
B. It creates a BGP multihop neighborship between two PE routers.
C. The PEs exchange Type 1 OSPF LSAs instead of Type 3 OSPF LSAs for the L3VPN routes.
D. The PEs exchange Type 3 OSPF LSAs instead of Type 1 OSPF LSAs for the L3VPN routes.
Answer: AC
Explanation:
– A sham link is a link that is configured to connect two parts of an OSPF domain, but without the physical link. The primary use of a sham link is to connect two areas through a backbone area while still keeping the backbone area physically separated. This creates an OSPF multihop neighborship between the two routers at the end of the sham link. So option A is correct.
– Regarding the L3VPN routes, the PEs exchange Type 3 OSPF LSAs (summary LSAs) instead of Type 1 OSPF LSAs (router LSAs) for the L3VPN routes. So option C is also correct.
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/open-shortest-path-first-ospf/7039-1.html
NEW QUESTION 5
Which two statements describe PIM-SM? (Choose two.)
A. Routers with receivers send join messages to their upstream neighbors.
B. Routers without receivers must periodically prune themselves from the SPT.
C. Traffic is initially flooded to all routers and an S,G is maintained for each group.
D. Traffic is only forwarded to routers that request to join the distribution tree.
Answer: AD
Explanation:
PIM sparse mode (PIM-SM) is a multicast routing protocol that uses a pull model to deliver multicast traffic. In PIM-SM, routers with receivers send join messages to their upstream neighbors toward a rendezvous point (RP) or a source-specific tree (SPT). The RP or SPT acts as the root of a shared distribution tree for a multicast group. Traffic is only forwarded to routers that request to join the distribution tree by sending join messages. PIM-SM does not flood traffic to all routers or prune routers without receivers, as PIM dense mode does.
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/ipmulti_pim/configuration/xe-16-5/imc-pim-xe-16-5-book/imc-tech-oview.html
NEW QUESTION 6
Which two statements about IS-IS are correct? (Choose two.)
A. PSNPs are flooded periodically.
B. PSNPs contain only descriptions of LSPs.
C. CSNPs are flooded periodically.
D. CSNPs contain only descriptions of LSPs.
Answer: BC
Explanation:
IS-IS is an interior gateway protocol that uses link-state routing to exchange routing information among routers within a single autonomous system. IS-IS uses two types of packets to synchronize link-state databases among routers: Link State Packets (LSPs) and Partial Sequence Number Packets (PSNPs). LSPs contain information about the state and cost of links in the network, and are flooded periodically throughout the network. PSNPs are used to acknowledge receipt of LSPs and request retransmission of missing or corrupted LSPs. PSNPs contain only descriptions of LSPs, such as their sequence numbers and checksums. IS-IS also uses another type of packet called Complete Sequence Number Packets (CSNPs), which are used to summarize the entire link-state database at regular intervals or when a new adjacency is formed. CSNPs are flooded periodically throughout the network and contain only descriptions of LSPs. Therefore, PSNPs contain only descriptions of LSPs and CSNPs are flooded periodically.
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/routing-policy/topics/concept/routing-policy-is-is-partial-sequence-number-packet-psnp.html
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/routing-policy/topics/concept/routing-policy-is-is-complete-sequence-number-packet-csnp.html
NEW QUESTION 7
In which two ways does OSPF prevent routing loops in multi-area networks? (Choose two.)
A. All areas are required to connect as a full mesh.
B. The LFA algorithm prunes all looped paths within an area.
C. All areas are required to connect to area 0.
D. The SPF algorithm prunes looped paths within an area.
Answer: CD
Explanation:
OSPF is an interior gateway protocol that uses link-state routing to exchange routing information among routers within a single autonomous system. OSPF prevents routing loops in multi-area networks by using two methods: area hierarchy and SPF algorithm. Area hierarchy is the concept of dividing a large OSPF network into smaller areas that are connected to a backbone area (area 0). This reduces the amount of routing information that each router has to store and process, and also limits the scope of link-state updates within each area. All areas are required to connect to area 0 either directly or through virtual links. SPF algorithm is the method that OSPF uses to calculate the shortest path to each destination in the network based on link-state information. The SPF algorithm runs on each router and builds a shortest-path tree that represents the topology of the network from the router’s perspective. The SPF algorithm prunes looped paths within an area by choosing only one best path for each destination.
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/ospf/topics/concept/ospf-area-overview.html
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/ospf/topics/concept/ospf-spf-algorithm-overview.html
NEW QUESTION 8
You are configuring a BGP signaled Layer 2 VPN across your MPLS enabled core network. In this scenario, which statement is correct?
A. You must assign a unique site number to each attached site’s configuration.
B. This type of VPN only supports Ethernet interfaces when connecting to CE devices.
C. This type of VPN requires the support of the inet-vpn NLRI on all core BGP devices.
D. You must use the same route-distinguiaher value on both PE devices.
Answer: C
Explanation:
BGP signaled Layer 2 VPN is a type of VPN that uses BGP to distribute VPN labels and information for Layer 2 connectivity between sites over an MPLS network. BGP signaled Layer 2 VPN requires the support of the l2vpn NLRI on all core BGP devices. The l2vpn NLRI is a new address family that carries Layer 2 VPN information such as the VPN identifier, the attachment circuit identifier, and the route distinguisher. The l2vpn NLRI is used for both auto-discovery and signaling of Layer 2 VPNs. In this scenario, we are configuring a BGP signaled Layer 2 VPN across an MPLS enabled core network. Therefore, we need to ensure that all core BGP devices support the l2vpn NLRI.
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/vpn-l2/topics/concept/vpn-layer-2-overview.html
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/mp_l2_vpns/configuration/xe-16/mp-l2-vpns-xe-16-book/vpls-bgp-signaling-l2vpn-inter-as-option-a.html
NEW QUESTION 9
When using OSPFv3 for an IPv4 environment, which statement is correct?
A. OSPFv3 only supports IPv4.
B. OSPFv3 supports both IPv6 and IPv4, but not in the same routing instance.
C. OSPFv3 is not backward compatible with IPv4.
D. OSPFv3 supports IPv4 only on interfaces with family inet6 defined.
Answer: C
Explanation:
OSPFv3 is an extension of OSPFv2 that supports IPv6 routing and addressing. OSPFv3 is not backward compatible with IPv4 because it uses a different packet format and a different link-state advertisement (LSA) structure than OSPFv2. OSPFv3 also uses IPv6 link-local addresses as router IDs and neighbor addresses, instead of IPv4 addresses. To use OSPFv3 for an IPv4 environment, you need to enable the IPv4 unicast address family under [edit protocols ospf3] hierarchy level and configure IPv4 addresses on the interfaces.
NEW QUESTION 10
Which two statements are correct about reflecting inet-vpn unicast prefixes in BGP route reflection? (Choose two.)
A. Route reflectors do not change any existing BGP attributes by default when advertising routes.
B. A BGP peer does not require any configuration changes to become a route reflector client.
C. Clients add their originator ID when advertising routes to their route reflector.
D. Route reflectors add their cluster ID to the AS path when readvertising client routes.
Answer: AB
Explanation:
Route reflection is a BGP feature that allows a router to reflect routes learned from one IBGP peer to another IBGP peer, without requiring a full-mesh IBGP topology. Route reflectors do not change any existing BGP attributes by default when advertising routes, unless explicitly configured to do so. A BGP peer does not require any configuration changes to become a route reflector client, only the route reflector needs to be configured with the client parameter under [edit protocols bgp group group-name neighbor neighbor-address] hierarchy level.
NEW QUESTION 11
By default, which statement is correct about OSPF summary LSAs?
A. All Type 2 and Type 7 LSAs will be summanzed into a single Type 5 LSA.
B. The area-range command must be installed on all routers.
C. Type 3 LSAs are advertised for routes in Type 1 LSAs.
D. The metric associated with a summary route will be equal to the lowest metric associated with an individual contributing route.
Answer: C
Explanation:
OSPF uses different types of LSAs to describe different aspects of the network topology. Type 1 LSAs are also known as router LSAs, and they describe the links and interfaces of a router within an area. Type 3 LSAs are also known as summary LSAs, and they describe routes to networks outside an area but within the same autonomous system (AS). By default, OSPF will summarize routes from Type 1 LSAs into Type 3 LSAs when advertising them across area boundaries.
https://networklessons.com/ospf/ospf-lsa-types-explained
NEW QUESTION 12
Which three mechanisms are used by Junos platforms to evaluate incoming traffic for CoS purposes? (Choose three.)
A. rewrite rules
B. behavior aggregate classifiers
C. traffic shapers
D. fixed classifiers
E. multifield classifiers
Answer: BDE
Explanation:
Junos platforms use different mechanisms to evaluate incoming traffic for CoS purposes, such as:
– Behavior aggregate classifiers: These classifiers use a single field in a packet header to classify traffic into different forwarding classes and loss priorities based on predefined or user-defined values.
– Fixed classifiers: These classifiers use a fixed field in a packet header to classify traffic into different forwarding classes and loss priorities based on predefined values.
– Multifield classifiers: These classifiers use multiple fields in a packet header to classify traffic into different forwarding classes and loss priorities based on user-defined values and filters.
Rewrite rules and traffic shapers are not used to evaluate incoming traffic for CoS purposes, but rather to modify or shape outgoing traffic based on CoS policies.
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/traffic-mgmt-nfx/traffic-mgmt-qfx/topics/concept/cos-qfx-series-classifiers-understanding.html
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/cos/topics/concept/cos-components-overview-cos-config-guide.html
NEW QUESTION 13
Your organization manages a Layer 3 VPN for multiple customers To support advanced route than one BGP community on advertised VPN routes to remote PE routers. Which routing-instance configuration parameter would support this requirement?
A. vrf-export
B. vrf-import
C. vrf-target export
D. vrf-target import
Answer: C
Explanation:
The vrf-target export parameter is used to specify one or more BGP extended community attributes that are attached to VPN routes when they are exported from a VRF routing instance to remote PE routers. This parameter allows you to control which VPN routes are accepted by remote PE routers based on their import policies. You can specify more than one vrf-target export value for a VRF routing instance to support advanced route filtering or route leaking scenarios.
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/mpls/topics/ref/statement/vrf-target-edit-routing-instances-vp.html
NEW QUESTION 14
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